Mihok, S., Kang'ethe, E.K. & Kamau, G.K. (1995) Trials of traps and attractants for Stomoxys spp. (Diptera Muscidae). Journal of Medical Entomology 32, 283-289.

Five blue and black cloth traps designed for tsetse were tested for their ability to catch Stomoxys spp. in Kenya. Significantly greatest catches were obtained with Vavoua traps, which then were used to compare odor baits at Nairobi Park. Acetone, lactic acid, and animal urine (cow, buffalo, waterbuck, camel) or dung (rhinoceros, elephant, hippopotamus) did not increase catches. However, 1-octen-3-ol dispensed at 0.2-2.0 mg/h increased catches up to 3.7-fold. Vavoua traps were highly specific for Stomoxyinae, with 80% of the catch consisting of 11 different taxa of Stomoxys as well as genera such as Prostomoxys, Haematobosca, Stygeromyia, and Rhinomusca. During periods of peak seasonal abundance, up to 3,000 Stomoxys per day were collected in an octenol-baited Vavoua trap. These high catches suggest that Vavoua traps may be of practical use for fly control in isolated settings at a relatively low cost.

Athi River Thicket In the midst of an extensive savannah habitat, the Athi River on the border of Nairobi National Park supports a narrow strip of Acacia xanthophloea and Ficus spp. thicket. A Vavoua trap at this spot caught 3,000 Stomoxyinae in one day.