similis

*Tabanus similis*				Reference
This is the most common horse fly in Russell. It is found throughout southern Canada and northern USA and is often represented in collections. It is characteristic of drier wetland habitats similar to those where T. quinquevittatus is found. It is a significant pest of pastured livestock. The species was referred to as T. lineola scutellaris before 1965 (Teskey, 1990).
Average daily catches by months in a cotton drill Nzi trap NZI-COT: white polyester netting, NZI-SCR: charcoal fibreglass screening Biosensory octenol lure was used on alternating days in mid-2002

Summary Statistics for ALL trap and bait combinations Interpret relative to approximate number of traps used each year
Year	First Capture	Last Capture	Flight Season (days)	Daily Max Catch	Date of Max Catch	Total Catch Male	Total catch Female
2001 - 1	8 Jun	12 Aug	66	19	30 Jun	1	166
2002 - 2	18 Jun	25 Aug	50	12	7 Jul	1	218
2003 - 5	6 Jun	19 Sep	106	36	4 Jul	0	900
2004 - 7	4 Jun	6 Sep	95	17	22 Jun	1	1,137
2005 - 10	3 Jun	29 Aug	88	24	11 Jul	1	1,269
2006 - 7	2 Jun	17 Sep	108	40	18 Jun	3	2,821
2007 - 9	2 Jun	24 Aug	84	75	16 Jun	4	3,187
2008 ~ 2-4	2 Jun	22 Sep	112	55	21 Jun	0	861
2009 - 2	22 May
2010 - 1
2011 - 1	4 Jun
Teskey (1960) and Golini & Wright (1978), working in farming areas near Guelph, Ontario, caught many flies in drier areas; with a similar flight season. Baribeau & Maire (1983) collected only modest numbers at Trois-Rivi�res, Quebec. Cobb & Balsbaugh (1976) and Easton (1982) reported T. similis to be the most common pest of cattle in South Dakota, with two seasonal peaks; Hayes & Meyer (1990) also reported it to be common in North Dakota. It was the most common Tabanus captured in Manitoba traps in Wisconsin by Gojmerac & Devenport (1971). Anderson et al. (1974) collected T. similis in California and reported feeding behaviour on a tame deer. Bracken et al. (1962) studied responses to colours, shapes, etc. during the initial work that led to the development of the Manitoba horse fly trap. Catches of T. similis in canopy traps were increased 2.5 times with carbon dioxide (Leprince, 1989). Magnarelli (1976) in New York, Leprince (1989) in Quebec, and Troubridge & Davies (1975) in Ontario documented reproductive cycles and concluded that the species was anautogenous, producing eggs only after intake of a blood meal. Leprince (1989) examined sugar feeding patterns. Leprince & Jolicoeur (1986) recorded seasonal variation in body size and ovariole numbers. Lane (1975) reared this species from California and described larvae and pupae. Magnarelli & Anderson (1980) described feeding sites (mostly on the back and legs) on cattle in Connecticut. Teskey (1969) provides information on the biology of immatures and their habitats in Canada. Krinsky (1975) described cysts of unknown origin in the gut. Krinsky & Pechuman (1975) cultured epimastigote trypanosomes from this species in New York that were most likely bovid Trypanosoma theileri parasites.
*Tabanus similis* Anderson, J.R., Olkowski, W. & Hoy, J.B. (1974) The response of Tabanid species to CO₂-baited insect flight traps in northern California (Diptera : Tabanidae). Pan Pacific Entomologist 50, 255-268. Baribeau, L. & Maire, A. (1983) Abundance and seasonal distribution of Tabanidae in a temperate and in a subarctic locality of Qu�bec. Mosquito News 43, 135-143. Bracken, G.K., Hanec, W. & Thorsteinson, A.J. (1962) The orientation of horse flies and deer flies (Tabanidae: Diptera) II. The role of some visual factors in the attractiveness of decoy silhouettes. Canadian Journal of Zoology 40, 685-695. Cobb, P.E. & Balsbaugh, E.U.,Jr. (1976) The Tabanidae (Diptera) of Spink County, South Dakota. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 49, 514-520. Easton, E.R. (1982) Reduction of horse and deer flies on the Cottonwood Range and Livestock Experiment Station as a result of grazing. Journal of Economic Entomology 75, 292-294. Fairchild, G.B. (1983) Notes on Neotropical Tabanidae (Diptera) XIX. The Tabanus lineola complex. Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America. 57, 51pp. Golini, V.I. & Wright, R.E. (1978) Relative abundance and seasonal distribution of Tabanidae (Diptera) near Guelph, Ontario. Canadian Entomologist 110, 385-398. Gojmerac, W.L. & Devenport, E.C. (1971) Tabanidae (Diptera) of Kegonsa State Park, Madison, Wisconsin: Distribution and seasonal occurrence as determined by trapping and netting. Mosquito News, 31, 572-575. Hanec, W. & Bracken, G.K. (1964) Seasonal and geographical distribution of Tabanidae (Diptera) in Manitoba, based on females captured in traps. Canadian Entomologist 96, 1362-1369. Hayes, R.M. & Meyer, H.J. (1990) Daily and seasonal flight activity of Tabanidae (Diptera) in the North Dakota sandhills. pp. 683-690 in Hayes, D.K., Pauly, J.E. & Reiter, R.J. (Ed) Chronobiology: its role in clinical medicine, general biology, and agriculture, part B. Proceedings of the XIX International Conference of the International Society for Chronobiology, June 20-24, 1989. Krinsky, W.L. (1975) Cystic anomaly in the intestine of adult Tabanidae. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 26, 137-138; 2 fig.; 2 ref. Krinsky, W.L. & Pechuman, L.L. (1975) Trypanosomes in horse flies and deer flies in central New York state. Journal of Parasitology 61, 12-16. Lane, R.S. (1975) Immatures of some Tabanidae (Diptera) from Mendocino County, Calif. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 68, 803-819. Leprince, D.J. (1989) Gonotrophic status, sperm presence and sugar feeding patterns in southwestern Quebec tabanid (Diptera) populations. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association 5, 383-386. Leprince, D.J. & Jolicoeur, P. (1986) Annual, intra-, and inter-specific variations in body size and potential fecundity of some Tabanus species (Diptera: Tabanidae). Canadian Entomologist 118, 1265-1272. Lewis, D.J. & Bennett, G.F. (1977) Biting flies of the eastern maritime provinces of Canada. I. Tabanidae. Canadian Journal of Zoology 55, 1493-1503. Magnarelli, L.A. (1976) Physiological age of Tabanidae (Diptera) in eastern New York state, U.S.A. Journal of Medical Entomology 12, 679-682. Magnarelli, L.A. & Anderson, J.F. (1980) Feeding behavior of Tabanidae (Diptera) on cattle and serologic analyses of partial blood meals. Environmental Entomology 9, 664-667. Magnarelli, L.A. & Anderson, J.F. (1981) Sugar feeding by female tabanids (Diptera: Tabanidae) and its relation to gonotrophic activity. Journal of Medical Entomology 18, 429-433. McElligott, P.E.K. & Galloway, T.D. (1991a) Seasonal distribution and parity of host-seeking horse flies (Diptera: Tabanidae) from a pasture near Seven Sisters, Manitoba. Canadian Entomologist 123, 361-370. McElligott, P.E.K. & Galloway, T.D. (1991b) Daily activity patterns of host-seeking horse flies (Diptera: Tabanidae: Hybomitra spp.) in northern and southern Manitoba. Canadian Entomologist 123, 371-378. Ralley, W.E., Galloway, T.D. & Crow, G.H. (1993) Individual and group behaviour of pastured cattle in response to attack by biting flies. Canadian Journal of Zoology 71, 725-734. Teskey, H.J. (1960) Survey of insects affecting livestock in southwestern Ontario. Canadian Entomologist 92, 531-544. Teskey, H.J. (1969) Larvae and pupae of some eastern North American Tabanidae. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 63, 147 pp. Troubridge, D.A. & Davies, D.M. (1975) Seasonal changes in physiological age composition of tabanid (Diptera) populations in southern Ontario. Journal of Medical Entomology 12, 453-457.