trepida

*Hybomitra trepida*	Reference
This species has not been captured since trapping started in 2001. It is most commonly found along the southern parts of Canada, excluding the treeless prairies, and some northern parts of the USA. It is found in boggy, forested areas, but is seldom present in large numbers, and is therefore rarely a pest (Teskey, 1990).
The literature on this species is rather thin, consisting mostly of tallies of its seasonal abundance. Teskey (1960) did not catch H. trepida in farming areas near Guelph, Ontario. In contrast, H. trepida was caught in good numbers in a forested area at Algonquin Park by Smith et al. (1970) up to mid-August. The species was also abundant in June/July during earlier studies by Davies (1959) at the same location. In other Canadian studies, H. trepida is typically only a minor component of horse fly catches in Manitoba (Hanec & Bracken, 1964; McEligott & Galloway, 1991a), Quebec (Baribeau & Maire, 1983), and the Maritimes (Lewis & Bennett, 1977). Teskey (1969) provides information on the biology of immatures and their habitats in Canada.
*Hybomitra trepida* Baribeau, L. & Maire, A. (1983) Abundance and seasonal distribution of Tabanidae in a temperate and in a subarctic locality of Québec. Mosquito News 43, 135-143. Bennett, G.F. & Smith, S.M. (1968) Phosphorous³² for marking Tabanidae (Diptera). Mosquito News 28, 559-569. Davies, D.M. (1959) Seasonal variation of tabanids (Diptera) in Algonquin Park, Ontario. Canadian Entomologist 91, 548-553. Hanec, W. & Bracken, G.K. (1964) Seasonal and geographical distribution of Tabanidae (Diptera) in Manitoba, based on females captured in traps. Canadian Entomologist 96, 1362-1369. Lewis, D.J. & Bennett, G.F. (1977) Biting flies of the eastern maritime provinces of Canada. I. Tabanidae. Canadian Journal of Zoology 55, 1493-1503. Maier, C.T. (1990) First distributional records of Tabanidae (Diptera) in Connecticut. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 92, 139-145. McElligott, P.E.K. & Galloway, T.D. (1991a) Seasonal distribution and parity of host-seeking horse flies (Diptera: Tabanidae) from a pasture near Seven Sisters, Manitoba. Canadian Entomologist 123, 361-370. McElligott, P.E.K. & Galloway, T.D. (1991b) Daily activity patterns of host-seeking horse flies (Diptera: Tabanidae: Hybomitra spp.) in northern and southern Manitoba. Canadian Entomologist 123, 371-378. Ralley, W.E., Galloway, T.D. & Crow, G.H. (1993) Individual and group behaviour of pastured cattle in response to attack by biting flies. Canadian Journal of Zoology 71, 725-734. Smith, S.M., Davies, D.M. & Golini, V.I. (1970) A contribution to the bionomics of the Tabanidae (Diptera) of Algonquin Park, Ontario: seasonal distribution, habitat preferences, and biting records. Canadian Entomologist 102, 1461-1473. Teskey, H.J. (1969) Larvae and pupae of some eastern North American Tabanidae. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 63, 147 pp.